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FIMI Taxonomy v4.1 — Modular taxonomy of foreign information manipulation and interference

In-Person

channel_type
Physical gatherings—rallies, summits, congregations, and protests—used to project legitimacy, recruit, and stage influence operations in embodied settings.
Author
Affiliation

E. Rosalie Li

Information Epidemiology Lab

Published

February 17, 2026

In-person channels involve the use of physical gatherings and live events as platforms for influence delivery. These settings carry unique persuasive weight: embodied presence creates social proof, shared emotion, and a sense of collective momentum that digital channels cannot fully replicate.

Rallies and protests project popular legitimacy. Summits and congresses provide venues for elite coordination disguised as dialogue. Congregations embed ideological messaging within spiritual authority. Conventions and delegations create controlled environments where narratives are rehearsed and distributed to participants who then carry them outward. Even art and cultural events serve as soft vehicles for ideological framing.

The power of in-person channels lies in their physicality—attendance implies endorsement, proximity implies consensus, and participation generates documentation (photos, videos, testimonials) that feeds back into digital amplification cycles.

Formats

  • Rallies
  • Concerts
  • Congregations
  • Conventions
  • Summits
  • Delegations
  • Congresses
  • Vacations
  • Meetings
  • Riots
  • Protests
  • Artwork and cultural events

FIMI Taxonomy by Information Epidemiology Lab.

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@article{li2026,
  author = {Li, E. Rosalie},
  title = {In-Person},
  date = {2026-02-17},
  url = {https://fimi.infoepi.org/channel_types/in-person.html},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Li, E. Rosalie. 2026. “In-Person,” February. https://fimi.infoepi.org/channel_types/in-person.html.

FIMI Taxonomy

 
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