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FIMI Taxonomy v4.1 — Modular taxonomy of foreign information manipulation and interference

Malicious Software

Sabotage
Malicious software is state-sponsored malware deployed to sabotage critical infrastructure, steal intelligence, disrupt systems, and enable hybrid warfare while maintaining operational deniability through its versatility and difficulty of attribution.
Author
Affiliation

E. Rosalie Li

Information Epidemiology Lab

Published

February 17, 2026

Sabotage

Malicious software is state-sponsored malware deployed to sabotage critical infrastructure, steal intelligence, disrupt systems, and enable hybrid warfare while maintaining operational deniability through its versatility and difficulty of attribution.

FIMI Taxonomy by Information Epidemiology Lab.

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@article{li2026,
  author = {Li, E. Rosalie},
  title = {Malicious {Software}},
  date = {2026-02-17},
  url = {https://fimi.infoepi.org/mechanisms/malicious-software.html},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Li, E. Rosalie. 2026. “Malicious Software,” February. https://fimi.infoepi.org/mechanisms/malicious-software.html.

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