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FIMI Taxonomy v4.1 — Modular taxonomy of foreign information manipulation and interference

Document Manipulation

Obfuscation
Document manipulation fabricates, alters, or synthetically generates official records and media to insert false information into institutional channels that treat material evidence as inherently credible, exploiting the verification gap between receipt and authentication.
Author
Affiliation

E. Rosalie Li

Information Epidemiology Lab

Published

February 17, 2026

Obfuscation

Document manipulation fabricates, alters, or synthetically generates official records and media to insert false information into institutional channels that treat material evidence as inherently credible, exploiting the verification gap between receipt and authentication.

FIMI Taxonomy by Information Epidemiology Lab.

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@article{li2026,
  author = {Li, E. Rosalie},
  title = {Document {Manipulation}},
  date = {2026-02-17},
  url = {https://fimi.infoepi.org/mechanisms/document-manipulation.html},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Li, E. Rosalie. 2026. “Document Manipulation,” February. https://fimi.infoepi.org/mechanisms/document-manipulation.html.

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